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How To Handle Debt

The first step to handling any problem, and excessive debt is no exception, is to focus on facts. Here, that means finding out how much you actually owe and what the monthly payments and interest costs.

It's surprising, though maybe it shouldn't be, how many people that are troubled by debt problems, don't actually know how much monthly interest they're paying. Part of the problem may be that they really don't want to know. Considering how much it sometimes is, one can hardly blame them.

But the first step back to financial health is a good diagnosis. If you're paying $200 per month in interest charges alone on a monthly net income, say, of $4,000, then you are paying 5% PER MONTH of your income for essentially nothing. It's not entirely nothing, since you are enjoying the things you bought early. You would have had to save to purchase them outright. But is that worth 5% of your income?

When that $200 a month (and for many, it's much more) becomes the total you can pay each month, you have reached a point where you will never pay off the debt. If all the money is going to interest none is going to principal. That may be an extreme case, but consider how much of the monthly payment in your circumstances goes for interest versus repayment of principal.

Suppose it's 90% interest, 10% principal. That's approximately the case for the average home loan for the first several years. You can use an online calculator to see how long that will take in your situation.

Suppose, for example, you owe $10,000 at 7%. You could pay only $116 per month, but it would take you 10 years to pay it off. The interest would cost you $3,933 - almost 40% of the total amount.

Now that you've seen your situation, you need to take two further steps. Develop a budget that will allow you to make payments as large as you can handle to get the bills paid off. You could use the 'snowball method' and pay off the smallest one first. Then apply what you were paying to the smallest to the next smallest (now the smallest), until you've reached the end.

Alternatively you could pay down the largest bill. That would save you the most in interest charges, but it's hard for many people to stick to it, when they see such slow progress.

Now, for the hardest - and most important - step (which should be carried out simultaneously with the first): stop borrowing. You should not allow yourself to incur any further debt until you have paid the first down to a reasonable level. That level is zero for credit card junkies. For others, it may be in the 5% range. For some with good willpower and are willing to eat the overhead, 20% is the maximum.

Facing reality and making a commitment to long-term change are the two hardest things for anyone who has entered financially turbulent waters to do. But they are the bare minimum required, if you want to recover your financial health and independence.